The women's Orthodox community in Tashkent was founded in 1893. On April 21 of that year, after a procession, Bishop Gregory (Poletayev) of Omsk and Semipalatinsk consecrated the site for the future monastery. On May 17, the first stone was laid for the foundation of the church and the monastic building. By the end of the year, the building with cells for the sisters was completed, and there were already 20 of them at that time.

On February 15, 1894, the church of the Nikolayevsky communal men's monastery, dedicated to St. Nicholas of Myra, was consecrated as the house church of the women's community. It was adjacent to a brick bell tower with nine bells, the largest of which weighed 100 poods. The bell tower was built with funds from Tashkent benefactors, predominantly women.

On October 1, 1894, the community was named "Nikolskaya." On November 25 of the same year, this name and the status of a women's monastic community were officially approved by imperial decree. The same decree granted the community 40 hectares of land in the village of Uspenskoye for expansion.

In 1897, a residential building for the sisters and a refectory with a house for the priest were constructed. By this time, there were already 50 residents in the monastery.

On September 19, 1901, by decree of the Holy Synod, the community received the status of a communal women's monastery and the name Tashkent Holy Nikolayevsky.

In 1900, the monastery acquired neighboring plots, the expanded territory was enclosed with a fence, and a new building with a prosphora and refectory was constructed. By 1902, the monastery owned 52 hectares of land, of which 30 were sown with grain, 14 with clover, and 4 were occupied by a garden and vegetable plots. The household had 10 horses, 12 working oxen, 30 cows, and agricultural machinery. By 1916, the number of residents reached 100. A school for girls, predominantly orphans, was opened at the monastery.

By the end of the first decade of the 20th century, the church of St. Nicholas of Myra, designed for 60-70 worshippers, no longer met the needs of the monastery. In 1911, construction began on a new church in honor of the Dormition of the Mother of God, designed by architect Alexei Shchusev. The church was to have five domes, three altars, with side chapels in the name of St. Nicholas and St. Basil the Great. However, construction was halted due to the onset of World War I and a ban on collecting donations not for military needs.

In 1922, the monastery was closed. After that, the church building fell into disrepair, and a women's colony was established on the site of the monastery, which still exists today. The church building, with its dome demolished, was converted into a prison hospital. During the Soviet era, the nuns took vows secretly.

In 1991, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church decided to restore the monastery. The monastery was reopened, but not at its former location; instead, it was based on the parish Holy Trinity Church and received its current name. In 1996, the monastery was visited by Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and all Rus.

Daily services are held at the monastery, and a subsidiary farm is maintained at the outpost near the city of Chirchik.