The Andronovka station is located between the industrial zones of the Lefortovo and Nizhny Novgorod districts, in the historical area of Karacharovo. The name of the station comes from the village of Andronovka (Andronovo).

The village of Andronovo is first mentioned in 1798: on the lands of the peasants of Andronovka, one verst from the Kamer-Kollegsky rampart and 250 fathoms from the Vladimir road, merchant Blagushin owned slaughterhouses. Now, on this site, there is the Mikoyan Meat Processing Plant. In the list of populated places in the Moscow province from 1862, the village is listed as New Andronovka, and on the map of the suburbs of Moscow from 1911, it is referred to as Novo-Andronovka, also known as New Village. Until the 2000s, Andronovka was one of the largest stations on the Moscow Ring Railway, connecting three railway directions: Moscow-Kazan, Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod, and Moscow-Kursk. Branch No. 13 continued as a siding to the factories "Serp i Molot" and "Kristall," and a station called Northern Post was built for their service, which still exists today. Another connecting branch from Andronovka, Pervovo, was built during the Soviet years.

In 1955, Andronovka became the first station of the Moscow Railway, equipped with a route relay centralization system, which allowed for the abandonment of mechanical centralization and the work of switchmen, uniting control from one dispatcher’s panel.

The original complex of the station included a passenger building, two residential houses, two watchman houses, booths for centralized control of switches and signals, a barracks, a semi-barracks, and a building for pneumatic water supply. Today, the station building, a 3rd type residential house, and watchman house No. 22 have been preserved. Until 2009, there was a water tower built according to a standard project of the Moscow Railway, but it was not listed in the construction records.

The station building was the smallest on the Ring Railway and included a single passenger hall for all classes of passengers, a telegraph, and the stationmaster's office. It has retained the volumetric-spatial composition and facade design of the 1900s, with triangular pediments and the inscription "Andronovka."

The 3rd type residential house was intended for the station management. It is distinguished by the crowning elements of the risalits with high roofs and pointed finishes. Among the architectural elements, the complex window architrave of the risalit, a balcony on "Monier" arches, and a forged canopy over the entrance stand out.

The watchman house served as housing for the track inspector, who checked the condition of the track daily. Of the eighty such houses, only five have survived.