The Novokhopersk Local History Museum is located in the center of the city in a two-story old mansion built in 1870. Originally, it was a residential house heated by a single fireplace in the basement. The warm air first passed under the floors of the first floor and then entered the chimneys in the massive walls.

After the events of the early 20th century, from the 1930s, military headquarters were located in this building. From May to September 1943, the First Czechoslovak Brigade was formed here under the command of Ludvik Svoboda, and its headquarters was also in this mansion.

In 1961, Ludvik Svoboda, already serving as the President of Czechoslovakia, visited Novokhopersk. This event revived the friendship between the locals and the Czechoslovak military. Delegations from Czechoslovakia began to frequently visit the city, and the people of Novokhopersk reciprocated with visits.

By 1973, the city council was housed in the mansion, and a small museum of Soviet-Czechoslovak friendship was opened on the first floor, timed to the 30th anniversary of the formation of the first Czechoslovak brigade. The museum was organized by local historian Alexander Alekseevich Solomentsev.

The museum's collections began to form in the 1980s, it received official status in 1985, and opened to visitors in 1986. By this time, the city council had moved, and the entire mansion became a museum. The exhibition featured two significant pages of history: one about the wartime years of Czechoslovakia, the other about peaceful friendship with Novokhopersk.

Until 1990, the museum of Soviet-Czechoslovak friendship was a significant object for the Ministry of Culture of the USSR. It remains unique in the post-Soviet space.

For about 25 years, the museum was managed by the Novokhopersk City Council and was part of the House of Culture. In 2010, it was transformed into a Municipal Institution 'Novokhopersk Local History Museum' with legal entity status, established by the administration of the Novokhopersk municipal district.

Today, the museum is a municipal state institution under the management of the Novokhopersk municipal district. Recent renovations have preserved its historical appearance while giving it a modern look.