The Kolomna Local History Museum began its activities on August 25, 1932, in the Marinkina Tower of the Kolomna Kremlin. In 1936, the building of the Archangel Michael Church was transferred to it, which was converted to house a historical and local history exhibition. The foundations of modern Kolomna archaeology were laid in the 1930s, as well as the traditions of conducting long expeditions and research. The museum became a center for scientific and educational work in the city and its surroundings.

In 2006, the administration of the Kolomna urban district allocated a 19th-century merchant estate complex to the museum, which is a monument of history and culture of regional significance. This marked a new stage in the museum's history within the territory of the Kolomna Kremlin. The modern exhibition was opened at the end of 2011 as part of the Federal Target Program "Culture of Russia 2006, 2011" and includes the hall "Nature and Ancient Man."

The museum offers group and individual tours, as well as theatrical and interactive programs on various topics for a wide audience.