The village of Uspenka (or Uspenskoe) was founded in the second half of the 18th century by settlers from the village of Goryainovo, which is mentioned in documents from the 13th century, during conflicts between the Vladimir and Ryazan principalities. Over time, free peasants from Goryainovo began to settle to the west, and later they were joined by migrants from Orekhovo and Graivoronka, located near Zadonsk. The hamlet gradually grew and became a village.

In 1796, a wooden church was built on a hill in honor of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica. By tradition, the village was supposed to be named Dmitrievka, after the church. However, since the village was associated with the Uspensky church of the village of Kastornoe, it was named Uspenskoe. The peasants of Uspenskoe, like those in Goryainovo, were not serfs and lived in a commune that paid taxes to the state.

In 1830, a stone church with a bell tower was built in Uspenskoe to replace the wooden one, surrounded by a wooden palisade. The church owned 33 desyatinas of arable land and had one clergy member who received interest from two loans totaling 200 rubles, donated by landowner Mikhail Ivanovich Tumskiy.

The congregation numbered 1,160 people from the villages of Petrovskaya and Belozorova. In 1900, the priest Aristarh Matveevich Popov (or Ponov) and psalmist Vasily Afanasyevich Nikitin served in Uspenskoe. In 1893, the Dmitrievskaya church of the village of Uspenskoe in the Zemlyansky district had 1,230 male and 1,246 female parishioners.

On November 15, 2014, Bishop Paisiy of Shchigry and Manturovo consecrated the altar in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. This altar is warm, and liturgies are held there in winter.