The history of the Peter and Paul Church is remarkably linked to the cholera epidemic that ravaged Kolomna and other cities in the Moscow province in 1770. By the decree of Empress Catherine II, starting in 1771, it was forbidden to bury the deceased near parish churches within the city limits, and burials were moved outside the city. In 1775, the Peter and Paul Cemetery was opened near the Ryazan Gate. Thanks to the efforts of Kolomna merchants, a stone church was built here in 1779 in honor of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. The building was designed in the Baroque style, with a two-light square on a white stone base, decorated with rustication, pilasters, and ornate window frames. Above the cornice rose a dome with round windows and a light drum topped with a single cupola. In 1833, a small warm refectory was added to the church with an altar in the name of Saint Apostle Andrew the First-Called. Since the mid-18th century, a stone almshouse for veterans was located next to the church. The church also owned a two-story stone house on the cemetery grounds, where the church watchman lived upstairs and gravediggers lived downstairs. In 1818, merchant Firs Ivanovich Bocharnikov provided the church with a shop, the income from which supported the clergy. The church did not have its own clergy; services were conducted by Kolomna priests on a rotating basis. In the 1880s, a brotherhood in the name of Saint Nicholas existed at the church, which, under the guidance of priest Ioann Fomintsev, assisted needy students of the Kolomna Spiritual School. The bell tower of the church was built with funds from merchant I. I. Shkarin in 1890, and in 1891, a new bell weighing 701 poods was installed, cast with the funds of V. S. Milyaev, Shkarin, Makeeva, and other parishioners. In the early 20th century, despite difficulties, the church continued to operate. In 1908, a fence was built around the cemetery with three stone chapels, a gate bell tower, and side gates. The church's refectory was adorned with patterned brick carvings and false columns with kokoshniks. The facades featured decorative cupolas, and the best acoustics in the city, as experts claimed, were found in this church. In the 1930s, the bell tower and domes were demolished, but the church continued to function intermittently until the cemetery was closed in 1942. Authorities repeatedly arrested its clergy. One of them, priest Nikolai Alekseevich Lebedev, brother of Bishop Grigory Lebedev, was arrested and executed in 1936. Deacon Grigory Samarin was canonized in 2002 as part of the Council of New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia. After the final cessation of services in the church, the icons and paintings were lost, and only the decorative grille in the choir remained.