On November 14, 1944, the founding meeting of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR) took place in the Spanish Hall of Prague Castle.

General Andrei Vlasov, former commander of the 2nd Shock Army who was captured in 1942, became the chairman. The main document of the day was a 14-point manifesto. Its declared goal was the overthrow of the Stalinist regime.
For a document adopted on Reich territory, the program appeared unexpectedly. The manifesto promised the liquidation of collective farms and the transfer of land to peasants, restoration of private property, freedom of speech, conscience, and assembly, abolition of forced labor, and the right of nations to self-determination. Notably absent from the text were anti-Semitic formulations, which were mandatory for Nazi propaganda. Germany was mentioned cautiously, as an ally in the fight against Bolshevism, rather than as a master. However, the context made the manifesto vulnerable. Representatives of the SS were present at the meeting, and the Committee existed on German funds and with Himmler's sanction. Berlin agreed to the creation of KONR only when the war was effectively lost. The armed forces of the Committee began to form only in early 1945.

The outcome was tragic. In May 1945, the 1st Division of the KONR supported the Prague Uprising against the Germans, but this did not change its fate. Vlasov and his closest associates were handed over to the USSR and executed in Moscow in August 1946.

Evaluations of the manifesto still diverge. Some see it as an attempt to find a third way between Stalin and Hitler. Others consider it collaborationism disguised with liberal rhetoric. One thing is indisputable: it is one of the most controversial documents in Russian history of the 20th century.