The monastery, dedicated to the great martyr George the Victorious, was founded in the late 15th century, 30 kilometers from Meschovsk on the banks of the Ressa River. In the early 17th century, during the Time of Troubles, it was completely destroyed and rebuilt in a new location near the city of Meschovsk.

The funds for the restoration of the monastery were provided by Queen Evdokia Lukyanovna Streshneva, the wife of Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, the first representative of the Romanov dynasty. Thanks to donations from noble benefactors, the monastery was well-equipped and prospered.

In 1764, all the lands of the monastery were confiscated, and it was downgraded to a non-active status, leading to its complete decline.

The revival of the monastery began in the 19th century. By the early 20th century, there were already two stone churches: a five-domed cathedral in honor of the apostles Peter and Paul, built in the Byzantine style in the 1880s, and a two-story church with a bell tower, erected in 1691. The lower part of the church was winter and had three altars dedicated to the great martyr George the Victorious, St. Dimitri of Rostov, and the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. The upper summer church was consecrated in honor of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos. The monastery was surrounded by stone walls with towers at the corners.

The superiors of the Meschov St. George Monastery were often appointed from the brotherhood of Optina Pustyn, contributing to the spiritual growth of the community.

Among the revered relics of the monastery were an ancient copy of the Theodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God, carved into a board, and the Icon of the Sorrowful Mother of God. In the monastery tower, Andrei, the holy fool for Christ, a locally venerated saint, was buried.

In 1916, an orphanage for the children of soldiers who died in World War I operated at the monastery.

The last superior of the Meschov St. George Monastery in 1915 and 1918 was the venerable George (Lavrov, †1932), a confessor. In 1918, he was arrested, and the monastery was closed. From 1918 to 1919, a labor commune existed in the monastery, which included the monastery's inhabitants.

During the Soviet era, most of the territory of the St. George Monastery fell into disrepair, and a gas station was established on the site of the monastery necropolis. The once magnificent monastery turned into ruins.

In the spring of 2001, the revival of the monastery began. Currently, a wooden church in honor of St. Confessor George (Lavrov) has been built and consecrated, the five-domed Cathedral of Peter and Paul has been restored, the brotherhood building and refectory have been rebuilt, the restoration of the church of George the Victorious is underway, and a monastic community has been formed.