Born in 1792 in Karasubazar, he came from Armenian nobility and was an Armenian Catholic. He took the surname Serebryakov, which is a translation of the Armenian surname Artsatagortsian, meaning "master of silver work" or jeweler.

He began his military career in 1810 as a volunteer in the Black Sea Fleet. In 1814 he became a midshipman, in 1815 a lieutenant, in 1820 a lieutenant commander, and in 1828 a captain-lieutenant, being assigned to serve under the head of the Main Naval Staff.

He participated in the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-1829. In 1828, he distinguished himself during the capture of Anapa and the blockade of Varna, for which he received the Order of St. Vladimir 4th class with a bow. In 1829, he took part in the capture of Mesembria and Midia and was assigned to the Guard crew for his merits against the Turks.

In 1832, he attained the rank of captain of the 2nd rank and served in the expeditionary detachment of General Muravyov near Constantinople and in Egypt. In 1834, he commanded the ship "Poltava" and sailed along the Caucasian shores of the Black Sea, participating in clashes with the mountaineers. In 1836, he was awarded the Order of St. George 4th class. In 1837, he became a captain of the 1st rank and a duty staff officer for naval affairs, and in 1838, he was promoted to rear admiral and awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 3rd class. He also received a gold half-saber inscribed "For Bravery."

In service, Serebryakov was responsible for naval logistics: troop transport, evacuation of the wounded, supply, and artillery support. He also participated in land battles with the mountaineers.

In 1839, he became the commander of the 1st section of the Black Sea coastal line and the head of the Novorossiysk port, where he oversaw the construction of fortifications. He had a conflict with the commandant of Anapa, Colonel Rot, who accused him of conspiracy. After negotiations, the conflict was resolved, and Serebryakov remained in Novorossiysk, while Rot was transferred to Dagestan.

In 1840, he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus 1st class, in 1842 the Order of St. Anna 1st class, and in 1844 he received the imperial crown to this order. In 1848, he became a vice admiral and received the Order of St. Vladimir 2nd class, and in 1850 the Order of the White Eagle. In 1851, he was appointed head of the Black Sea coastal line and in 1852 was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky.

During the Crimean War, he led the coastal defense on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. After the sinking of the Black Sea Fleet by Nakhimov, Serebryakov oversaw the dismantling of fortifications and the evacuation to Novorossiysk. When the fighting moved to Kars, he repelled the fortifications occupied by the Turks in Georgia. In 1856, he was retired, promoted to admiral, and became a member of the Admiralty Council.

Serebryakov died as a result of an accident. In 1861, while at his estate in Crimea, he injured his leg while descending a mountain and after catching a cold in St. Petersburg, he passed away on February 28, 1862. He was buried in Karasubazar in the family crypt.

Although Serebryakov had to evacuate the fortifications of the Black Sea coastal line, this did not prevent the Russian troops from completing the conquest of the Caucasus in less than ten years. The abandoned fortifications became the basis for future resort towns in Russia and Abkhazia.