The Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History of Belgium is a military history museum located in Brussels, in the Park of the Fiftieth Anniversary, slightly away from the city center. The idea of creating the museum arose after the successful exhibition of 1910, where the pavilion of military history of Belgium attracted significant attention. Initially, the museum was located in the Cambre monastery, and in 1923 it moved to the Park of the Fiftieth Anniversary.

The museum features an extensive collection, including weaponry, cold and firearms, artillery, tanks, cars, airplanes (including the transport Junkers-52), uniforms, equipment, and items of military life. The exhibits cover the period from the Middle Ages to the present day. The museum's collection is one of the largest in the world among military historical collections. A separate pavilion, 100 meters long, is dedicated to military aircraft, from the first airplanes to modern jet models, and there is also a special tank courtyard.

Numerous exhibits illuminate the era of colonial conquests and world wars. The museum also features an exhibition dedicated to the developments of Nikolai Florin, a Russian émigré and pioneer of helicopter construction.

In 1937, the staff of the Museum of the Life Guards Cossack Regiment in Courbevoie transferred part of their collections to the Royal Museum, fearing that the new French government might hand them over to the USSR. These collections are now displayed in the Russian Gallery. Among them are 22 silver horns created on the order of Emperor Alexander I in honor of the heroism of the Cossack Regiment in the Battle of Leipzig in 1813. The museum also houses a silver bowl weighing about 50 kilograms, made by master Ovchinnikov in 1913 for the centenary of the Battle of Nations.