In 1909, Archimandrite Leonid (Sentsov), who headed the Russian Spiritual Mission in Jerusalem, acquired a plot of land measuring 2,000 square meters in Bethany, opposite the Greek Orthodox Monastery of the Meeting.

In 1932, with funds from Scottish women Barbara-Stella Robinson and Alix Sprot, who converted to Orthodoxy, the Bethany Women's Community of the Resurrection of Christ was established. A small stationary facility for sick children opened on the abandoned territory of the Russian Spiritual Mission.

In 1934, during work on the Russian site in Bethany, a rectangular stone was discovered with the inscription: "Here Martha and Mary first heard from the Lord the word about the resurrection from the dead..." A chapel dedicated to Martha was built on this site, where solemn services were held on Lazarus Saturday.

The Scots, Barbara and Alix, soon took monastic vows with the names Maria and Martha. Maria became the abbess of the Bethany Monastic Community. In 1937, the nuns opened a Russian boarding school for Arab Orthodox girls. The following year, a new building with spacious classrooms was constructed for the school, while the old one housed a boarding facility for students and staff. In addition to standard subjects, the curriculum included the Law of God, and in higher grades, the Russian language. A cave was carved out on the site, where a place for prayer was arranged, later transforming it into the Church of Saint Righteous Lazarus of the Four Days.

In the early 1980s, the school faced the threat of closure due to a lack of Christian students and the political situation. It was then registered as a general education institution, and Muslim girls were admitted.

By 2015, about 415 girls aged 4 to 16 were studying at the school. The Law of God was taught for Christian girls, the Quran for Muslim girls, and from the 3rd grade, all girls studied the Russian language. Special programs were conducted for children with developmental disabilities. In additional classes, the girls engaged in physical education, music, choral singing, handicrafts, and applied arts.