Sergey Andreevich Muromtsev was born on September 23 (October 5) 1850 in St. Petersburg into a noble family. He became one of the leading public figures of the 19th century, an outstanding scholar, and the founder of sociological jurisprudence in Russia.

In 1860, the Muromtsev family moved to Moscow, settling in a house on Skaterny Lane. In 1867, Sergey graduated from the Third Gymnasium in Moscow with a gold medal and enrolled in the law faculty of Moscow University. His curriculum was significantly broader than the standard course, and he even planned to study simultaneously at the law and mathematics faculties, but a lack of funds prevented this.

After graduating from the university, Muromtsev was awarded the degree of candidate of law for his excellent achievements and was retained at the faculty for further improvement and preparation for a professorship. He spent several years abroad, primarily working in Germany and other European countries, attending lectures by the famous lawyer Iering in Göttingen.

Upon returning to Russia in 1874, Sergey Andreevich began working on his master's thesis "On Conservatism in Roman Jurisprudence" and successfully passed the exams for the master's degree. In the autumn of 1875, he was appointed associate professor, and in 1877 he became a professor of Roman law. That same year, his work "Essays on the General Theory of Civil Law" was published.

In 1884, facing government persecution of the liberal faculty, Muromtsev left the university and joined the ranks of barristers of the Moscow Judicial Chamber, actively participating in public and political life, aligning himself with the liberal camp. In 1887, he was elected a member of the council, and three years later, vice-chairman.

From 1879 to 1892, Muromtsev was the editor of the journal "Legal Herald." He sought to introduce new practical ideas into judicial practice and advocacy, believing this activity was important for influencing public opinion outside the university.

In 1897, Sergey Andreevich became a member of the Moscow City Duma, participated in zemstvo and city congresses, and in 1898 received permission to lecture on civil law and proceedings at the Imperial Alexander Lyceum.

In 1906, Muromtsev was elected a deputy of the First State Duma and became its chairman at the first meeting on April 27 (May 10). Liberals highly valued his activities, noting his commitment to reforms and respect for the representative authority. According to historian A. A. Kizevetter, Muromtsev was strict and stern, but he was respected and loved for his dedication to the cause.

After the dissolution of the First State Duma on July 8 (21), 1906, Muromtsev, along with the majority of the Duma members, went to Vyborg, where he chaired meetings that resulted in the "Vyborg Manifesto." For this, he was prosecuted and sentenced to three months in prison, which he served in Moscow in 1908.

Sergey Andreevich Muromtsev passed away on October 4 (17), 1910, and was buried at the Don Cemetery in Moscow. At his grave, F. F. Kokoshin recited Muromtsev's favorite saying: "Watchman, is dawn near?", symbolizing the hopes and legacy he left behind.