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Magdeburg Gates in Novgorod Kremlin

Фото 1
The Magdeburg, Korsun, Plock, and Sigtuna gates are bronze doors originally installed in the Chapel of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary of the St. Sophia Cathedral in Veliky Novgorod. Later, after restoration by master Avram, they were moved to the western portal of the cathedral. For centuries, these gates served as the ceremonial entrance to the cathedral and now open only on festive days when the Archbishop of Novgorod and Staraya Russa conducts the service.

There is a version that the gates were made in 1153 in Magdeburg and were intended for the Assumption Cathedral of the Virgin Mary in Plock. They arrived in Novgorod in the second quarter of the 15th century. The doors are first mentioned in the 18th century in the descriptions of the St. Sophia Cathedral as Korsun gates, and in the 1803 inventory, they are referred to as "German." Since the mid-15th century, there has been a legend that the gates were brought from Byzantium by Grand Prince Vladimir. In a version published by F. Adelung in 1823, it is stated that the gates are a military trophy of the Novgorodians and their allies, captured in 1187 in the Swedish capital of Sigtuna.

The gates were created by Western European masters, which explains the Catholic character of the relief images. They depict scenes from the Old and New Testaments with figures of people, animals, and architectural details executed with great skill. Among the figures on the gates, one can see the Bishop of Magdeburg Wichman and the Bishop of Plock Alexander, for whom the gates were made in 1152 and 1154, respectively. The gates also depict the master founders Rikvin and Weismuth, and between them, the figure of the Russian master Avram. Each figure has inscriptions: in Latin for Rikvin and Weismuth, and in Russian for Avram. According to tradition, Avram collected the plates on which the gates were disassembled for transport. There is a version that he was a contemporary of Rikvin and Weismuth, or lived later and oversaw the restoration of the gates, adding his self-portrait. The door handles are made in the form of animal masks with two-headed snakes, symbolizing Hell and reminding of the Last Judgment. In the mouths of the masks are the heads of sinners. Latin inscriptions are carved above the compositions, and below them, Russian translations. In the lower right corner of the left leaf, one can see a rare depiction of the creation of Eve and the centaur Kitovras, symbolizing the duality of human nature.

Geo point

Магдебургские врата в Новгородском Кремле

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