Kaluga takes pride in its regional drama theater, which bears its name and is one of the oldest in Russia. The history of the theater began in 1777 when it was founded during the Russian Empire. Although the first buildings of the theater have not survived, the decree of Empress Catherine the Second regarding its establishment has reached our days and represents an interesting historical document. The theater emerged thanks not only to the empress but also to Governor-General Mikhail Nikitich Krechetnikov, who significantly influenced the architectural appearance of Kaluga, and some buildings from that time have been preserved.

The first performance at the Kaluga theater was organized by leading specialists, and the play was written by the famous fabulist and playwright Vasily Ivanovich Maikov, who hailed from Yaroslavl. In the late imperial times, well-known figures such as actor Alexander Rasskazov and playwright Nikolai Solovyov worked with the theater.

Throughout its 250-year history, the theater has changed its location multiple times but has always remained popular. It has survived many trials, including fires and two world wars, while preserving its traditions. The modern building of the theater, located on Theater Square, was constructed in the late 1950s and has since delighted audiences with premieres. According to viewers and actors, it is one of the best provincial theaters in Russia, featuring a spacious hall and a talented troupe, but for Kaluga, it means more than just a theater.