One of the significant historical sites in Rostov-on-Don is the pre-revolutionary Church of the Pentecost Halfway, which became one of the centers of the city's defense against the Bolsheviks during the Civil War.

The first mention of the church dates back to 1824-1829, when the first stone church was built in the Cossack stanitsa of Nizhne-Gnilovskaya with the funds of local residents. The construction lasted five years, and in 1829 the church was consecrated in honor of the Resurrection of Christ. Later, at the request of the parishioners and with the blessing of Bishop Epiphanius of Voronezh and Cherkassy, the feast day was moved to the Pentecost Halfway, and the church became known as the Halfway Church. The church became the center of the spiritual life of the local residents.

About 40 years after its consecration, the church received a bell tower above the narthex. Soon after, a watchman's house and an office appeared nearby. Since 1823, a men's school operated at the church, and from 1878, a primary women's school. The church clergy included a priest and a psalmist, who lived on donations and helped teach children to read and write.

At that time, cholera epidemics often broke out, and Rostov-on-Don with its surrounding stanitsas was no exception. The faithful believed that one of the means against the epidemic was the Aksai Icon of the Mother of God, the Odigitria. In 1892 and 1893, as a sign of deliverance from cholera and to prevent new outbreaks, a chapel was built at the church in honor of the Miraculous Aksai Icon of the Mother of God, the Odigitria. During the epidemic, people actively attended services and prayed with doubled zeal.

In 1908 and 1909, two new chapels were built in the church: the left, northern one was consecrated in honor of St. Alexius, Metropolitan of Kiev, and the right, southern one in honor of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God, the Odigitria. Soon a tall bell tower was erected, and the interior of the church was adorned with paintings depicting saints and biblical scenes. Since 1898, a church parish school began operating at the church. The clergy increased to two priests, a deacon, and two psalmists. The number of parishioners also grew, but upheavals awaited ahead.

In 1917, two revolutions occurred in Russia, and in December, the city was briefly captured by the Bolsheviks for the first time. In February 1918, after the death of Ataman Kaledin, the Volunteer Army of General Kornilov left the city and embarked on the First Kuban Ice March. The rector of the church, Alexey Chasovnikov, remained in Rostov and organized resistance against the Bolsheviks, making the church a center of defiance.

After the return of Cossack and volunteer units, the parish resumed its life, but in January 1920, Rostov-on-Don was finally captured by the Bolsheviks. The new authorities began to persecute Christian parishes. The church was looted and closed in 1933, and then destroyed.

After the church's destruction, its bell tower was used for parachute jumps. In 1942, with the arrival of German and Cossack units, services resumed in the basement of the ruined church. In 1959, the Soviet authorities finally liquidated the parish, and church property was transferred to the state. The formal reason for the eviction of Christians was the construction of a railway station, which never began. The site of the church was given to a coal warehouse, and the building of the former school was turned into a cinema called 'Mir,' which lasted until the revival of Cossack and Orthodox faith.

In 1991, the Cossack community demanded the closure of the cinema and the return of the building to the parish, which soon happened. In the same year, the church received a rector, Alexey, and in 1996, its restoration began. In 1999, services started in the unfinished church. Thanks to the efforts of the first rector, music and general education schools were organized. Now the church houses the relics of St. Ambrose of Okhta and Ignatius Bryanchaninov, and the building itself is surrounded by a fence, with a spring and a memorial cross for the Cossacks nearby.

The parish is led by Priest Anthony, the son of the first rector of the church, Alexey. For his efforts, he was awarded the medal of the Holy Martyr Nicholas the Presbyter of the 1st degree.