The history of Russia over the centuries is inextricably linked with wars, but even amidst constant armed conflicts, the Russian Empire always maintained a respectful attitude towards the defeated. In the 19th century, a fierce war was waged in the Caucasus, culminating in the capture of Imam Shamil and the subjugation of the region. Upon finding himself in captivity, Shamil did not expect that the victors would show him such magnanimity. The imperial army not only spared their main adversary but also did not imprison him, allowing him to remain free in Kaluga.

In November 1859, Imam Shamil arrived in Kaluga and settled in the house of a local merchant, Bilibin, which is still known today as the 'Bilibin House' or 'Shamil's House.' In January of the following year, his family arrived in Kaluga, and they, along with the head of the family and servants, took residence in this house. Shamil was free to walk around the city, visit various establishments, and faced no restrictions. He lived in Kaluga for eight years, during which time he swore allegiance to the Russian emperor. Later, he moved to Kyiv and then traveled to Islamic countries.

Today, the 'House of Shamil' houses a museum featuring an exhibition dedicated to World War I, and the memory of the famous prisoner is carefully preserved by local historians.