The Assumption refectory church of Spaso-Evfimiev Monastery, like many ancient temples of this monastery, has changed its altar dedications and external appearance multiple times throughout its long history. The life of St. Euphemius of Suzdal mentions that the first abbot of the monastery founded three churches: a cathedral in the name of the Transfiguration of Christ, a hospital church dedicated to St. Nicholas, and a refectory church in the name of St. John Climacus. These structures have not survived to this day. They were likely destroyed in 1445 during the devastation of the monastery by the troops of the Kazan Khanate or burned in the fire of 1501. They were later rebuilt, and by 1525, a warm refectory church already existed, which likely retained its original dedication. Unfortunately, we have no data on the external appearance of the churches from the 14th and early 16th centuries.

The exact time of construction of the current church remains a subject of discussion. Most researchers lean towards the late 16th century. It is first mentioned as the Assumption Church in the inventory of 1628-1630, which describes a stone refectory church with an altar of the Assumption of the Holy Virgin and a chapel of martyr Diomedes. In the late 16th century, among the benefactors of the monastery were princes Deomid and Dementiy Demensha Ivanovich Cheremisins. It is known that martyr Diomedes was the patron saint of D.I. Cheremisinov, and it is assumed that it was with his funds that the construction of the new church was carried out. Before the start of the works, the altar of St. John Climacus was moved to the gate church of the Annunciation of the Holy Virgin. The first changes occurred between 1758 and 1764, when the altar of martyr Diomedes was abolished, and in its place, the altar of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist was moved from the church 'under the bells' of the early 16th century. It is likely that during this time, a second chapel in the name of St. John Climacus appeared, returning from the Annunciation Church and occupying the place on the right. Perhaps one of these chapels was tent-roofed, as hinted by the description of architectural changes in the 1850s, when instead of a stone tented vault, light wooden canopies painted in a mixed style were installed. In 1873, these vaults were remodeled, likely for safety reasons.

In the 1970s, during the restoration of the Assumption Church, its original appearance was restored, the late chapel was dismantled, and the decor of the historical chapel and refectory hall was restored. The chapel was completed with a dome rising above the rows of kokoshniks. The assertion that the church was once topped with three tents with two rows of kokoshniks is not supported by sources. The question of the chapel's completion remains open. Some researchers believe that it and the second chapel were once crowned with tents. However, among tent-roofed churches of the second half to the end of the 16th century, there are no examples of tented crowning of chapels. It is important to note that the Assumption Church is a monastic refectory church, which imposes certain features on its architecture. The chapel in the name of martyr Diomedes was erected not to complicate the composition, but at the request of benefactor D.I. Cheremisinov and likely did not have a symmetrical volume. Thus, before the architectural changes of the 18th and 19th centuries, the church likely did not have a second chapel and a tent over the chapel of the holy martyr Diomedes.

Restoration work to restore the original appearance and strengthen the structure of the refectory church resumed in 2001 and continued until 2008. It is currently part of the museum-reserve complex.