The Church of Saint Elijah in Istanbul is closely linked to two other Russian churches in the city, as all of them belong to the Monastery of Saint Panteleimon on Mount Athos, but are under the administration of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. This is the oldest Orthodox place of worship in Istanbul, built in the characteristic style of the 19th century. The chapel, constructed 134 years ago, became the main church for Russian refugees who left Russia after the October Revolution of 1917.

Istanbul was a popular destination for Russian pilgrims heading to the Holy Land or to Athos. They would stop nearby the port, which is why the three Orthodox churches in the city are located in this area, literally in neighboring houses. One of them, the Church of Saint Elijah, is situated on the sixth floor of the pilgrimage residence. It was built in the 1870s, and regular services were held there until 1914.

With the onset of World War I and until 1934, the church changed hands, from Russian clergy to Turkish authorities and back again. From 1934 to 1972, the church operated continuously. However, after the death of the priest serving there, the new Patriarch of Constantinople did not appoint a successor, and the church became abandoned. Currently, plans are underway for its restoration.