In pre-revolutionary times, the village of Ilyinskoye was considered one of the gems of the nearby Moscow region. It housed the estate of Grand Duke Sergey Alexandrovich and his wife, Elizabeth Feodorovna. Although much has changed since then, the Church of Prophet Elijah, built in the first third of the 19th century with donations from parishioners, remains one of the few reminders of that era.

The history of the Orthodox church in this place is much older and dates back to the 15th century when Ilyinskoye became known and later joined the Alexeyevsky Convent. During the Time of Troubles, Ilyinskoye was plundered, but unlike many other settlements, it did not disappear from the map of the Moscow state. Under the Romanovs, the village was restored, and the damaged church was renovated. By the early 19th century, the old church had fallen into disrepair, and the parishioners decided to build a new one.

In the late 19th century, Grand Duke Sergey Alexandrovich and Elizabeth Feodorovna moved to the village, where they lived for a long time in their estate in Ilyinskoye. At that time, the first maternity hospital was built here with funds from the Grand Duke. In 1914, a school opened at the church, and Ilyinskoye literally flourished. However, with the advent of Soviet power, everything changed: the estate was destroyed, and the church was closed. Only in 1992 did restoration work begin, and since 1996, services have resumed and have not been interrupted.

Interestingly, the previous building of the Church of Prophet Elijah housed the grave of Count Zakhar Grigorievich Chernyshev, the first governor-general of Moscow. Later, his remains were transferred to the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, which was located at his estate and is now in a state of abandonment.