The first monument in Simferopol was erected in honor of Prince Vasily Mikhailovich Dolgorukov, whose army seized Crimea in 1771. In 1783, Crimea was officially incorporated into Russia. It was decided to build the main city of the future Taurida region near the Tatar settlement of Ak-Mecet, where Russian troops were stationed. There were no Orthodox churches in Ak-Mecet, so in 1785, the regiment commander B.A. Tishchev purchased a small Tatar house, whose owner had moved to Turkey, and arranged a regimental church in the name of the Equal-to-the-Apostles Kings Constantine and Helena. The church was located on the border of the medieval settlement of Ak-Mecet and the new city of Simferopol.

After the departure of the Russian troops, the church was empty for some time. In 1786, the governor of the Taurida region V.V. Kakhovsky ordered an iconostasis to be installed in the church and for services to resume. However, with the growth of the city and the increase in the number of Christians, the small church could no longer accommodate all the parishioners.

Empress Catherine II visited Simferopol on May 26, 1787, and prayed in the Church of Constantine and Helena. Struck by its modesty, she expressed a desire to see a "decent cathedral church" in the city and promised to donate church utensils. However, for almost twenty years, the Orthodox residents of Simferopol continued to visit the old church, appealing to Archbishop Athanasius for permission to build a new temple. Only in 1806 did a new church in honor of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul appear.

The well-known local historian A.I. Markevich left memories of Priest Nikita Petrovsky, who participated in the storming of Izmail in 1790, holding a cross in his hand. A blow from a Turkish sabre cost him several fingers. This priest was highly respected among parishioners, especially the military.

After the opening of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, the Church of Constantine and Helena became part of the estate of Major General V.P. Popov. The private property of the Popovs also included a house and service buildings. The first owner of the estate was Vasily Stepanovich Popov, a statesman and head of the office of Prince G.A. Potemkin. His grandson, Major General Vasily Pavlovich Popov, was the provincial leader of the nobility in the 1880s and did much for the city.

The last owner of the estate was Yuri Vasilyevich Popov, under whom all buildings were reconstructed. The architectural appearance of the church changed: a new two-tiered bell tower appeared, using elements of Russian architecture from the 17th century. Wide arched openings were adorned with kokoshniks, a tented roof was crowned with an onion dome, and the windows and frames received new designs.

In 1914, the church again became a regimental church, visited by soldiers of the infantry regiment. The ceilings of the temple preserved the regimental coats of arms. From 1917 to 1921, the church was attached to the Peter and Paul Cathedral but then regained its parish. In 1924, the authorities decided to liquidate the temple, but canceled the decision under pressure from parishioners. In 1929, the church was closed, and the upper tier of the bell tower was destroyed. The building housed an aeroclub and later the civil registry archive.

In the late 1990s, the temple was handed over to the Church, and restoration began. The first service after a long break took place on November 4, 2001.