In the 1990s of the 19th century, the Kazan Archbishop's Church became one of the key objects of the Biysk Archbishop's Courtyard, shaping its unique appearance. It is one of the oldest preserved and functioning churches in Biysk. The church, built of red brick with blue domes, stood on a hill and was the main temple of the archbishop's courtyard and the Altai Spiritual Mission. Before it, there was a wooden church dedicated to the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, which burned down in 1886 along with the archbishop's house.

After the restoration of the archbishop's house, the construction of a new brick Kazan church began. On March 16, 1888, Bishop Makary Nevsky of Biysk appealed to Bishop Isaac of Tomsk and Semipalatinsk to approve the plan and facade of the church and allow its construction. Permission was granted.

The church was built on charitable donations and funds raised by the peasants of the Altai Mining District in memory of Emperor Alexander II. A significant contribution was made by Biysk merchant A.F. Morozov. Additionally, 1,000 rubles for the construction came from the heirs of Biysk merchant N.P. Firsov.

On November 8, 1892, Bishop Vladimir Sinykovsky of Biysk consecrated the church. This event coincided with the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Archimandrite Makary Glukharev, the founder of the Altai Spiritual Mission.

A brick bell tower with a porch was added to the church later, probably in 1903, funded by the church's elder. From 1899, for twenty years, the duties of the church elder were performed by Biysk merchant V.M. Rybakov. The old bell tower was demolished after the new one was built.

The church had a basement floor located below ground level, which was possibly intended for organizing a crypt. On the day of the consecration of the Kazan church, a public discussion dedicated to Archimandrite Makary Glukharev was held there.

The interior of the temple was decorated with a carved gilded iconostasis, likely made in the Biysk iconostasis workshop of A.A. Borzenkov. For its construction, merchant A.V. Sokolov donated 2,200 rubles, for which he received the archpastoral gratitude.

The church was well supplied with church utensils. In 1890, during construction, at the request of Moscow protodeacon Ioann Rozhdestvensky and with the permission of Metropolitan Ioannikiy, Moscow churches and monasteries donated liturgical vestments and church utensils.

By the decree of the Holy Synod dated April 5, 1905, the clergy was to consist of two priests, a deacon, and two psalmists. The senior priests were Priest Alexey Sokolov and Protodeacon Peter Benediktov, who alternated with each other. Since 1904, E.M. Yachmenyov, a graduate of the Biysk Missionary Catechist School, served as deacon.

In 1915, the church clergy consisted of Protodeacon Peter Benediktov, Priest Alexey Sokolov, Deacon Trofim Chernykh, and psalmists Dmitry Krivykh, Fyodor Pechenin, and Sergey Troitsky.

The church owned two stone chapels: the Nikolskaya on Yarmarnaya Square and the Iverskaya on Bazar Square. The church frequently held archbishop services, attracting many people. In 1920, the priests of the church were Peter Spodatyeko and Varfolomey Shuklin.

In the 1920s, the church came under the management of the Renovationist organization 'Living Church'. In March 1926, a congress of Renovationist clergy and laity was held here. In April 1926, the rector was Priest Sergey Srebryansky, followed by Protodeacon Sergey Stakhiev, who was awarded a gold pectoral cross.

In 1930, the church was closed for services. At a meeting of the presidium of the Biysk District Executive Committee on August 10, 1930, it was decided to transfer the building to the city council for a club due to the lack of a congregation and refusal to pay taxes.

Behind the altar of the church was a necropolis with about a hundred graves. An examination of the metric books revealed the names of 73 buried individuals. The closure of the church led to the destruction of the necropolis.

In 2011, an iron plate from the grave of hieromonk Pavel was transferred to the Museum of the History of the Altai Spiritual Mission.

During the Soviet years, the building was used as a stable, club, warehouse, and shooting range. In 1990, the church was returned to the believers, and restoration work began. The second consecration of the temple took place on June 6, 1994. In 2013, the church was returned its historical name in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.

Among the relics of the Kazan church is a copy of the Athos icon of Saint Panteleimon, the icon of Saint Dimitry of Rostov, and others. The church plays an important role in the spiritual life of Biysk and the Biysk diocese.