The Trinity of the Nativity of the Mother of God Optina Monastery is an Orthodox women's monastery located in the city of Bolkhov, Oryol Oblast. Its foundation dates back to before the 15th century. According to one legend, the monastery was founded by the Khotetovsky princes, who received Bolkhov as a fief. Another version claims it was established by a repentant robber named Opta, who became a monk. A third legend connects the name of the monastery with the tradition of communal monastic living that was widespread in the 15th century. The monastery was surrounded by a fortress wall with four towers, which provided its protection.

In 1614, during the Polish-Lithuanian invasion, the monastery was burned down, as noted in the land books of 1620. Before that, there were two wooden churches in the monastery: the Nativity of the Mother of God and the Prophet Elijah. In 1628, by the order of Tsar Mikhail Romanov, the churches were restored. The monastery was in need and had only two bells. There is a legend about large bells hidden in the lake, one of which was never found, but its sound was allegedly heard from the water. It is also said that the monks saw the Mother of God, who blessed the monastery.

The monastery enjoyed the patronage of representatives of the House of Romanov, as Tsarina Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya was from Bolkhov. Tsars Fyodor, Ivan, Tsarevna Sofia, and Peter I also provided support. Here, the father of the tsarina, Ilya Miloslavsky, and her sister Anna received their last kiss. The monastery was visited by Ivan the Terrible and Peter I, who helped it and the city.

Many famous Russian families, such as the Gorchakovs, Miloslavskys, Yurasovskys, Shenshins, and Khotetovskys, donated to the monastery and were buried here. Thus, the influence of the monastery extended beyond the Oryol province.

In 1705, Peter I visited Bolkhov with Tsarevich Alexei and ordered that the archimandrite visit the monastery four times a year for church ceremonies.

The most famous abbot of the 19th century was Archimandrite Makary (Glukharov), who was a student of Saint Philaret of Moscow and a translator of Old Testament books. He died in the monastery in 1847 and was buried in the crypt of the Trinity Cathedral.

By the beginning of the 20th century, there were three churches in the monastery. In the 20th century, the abbot was Archbishop Daniel (Troitsky), who led the monastery from 1917 to 1921.

The revolution and the Great Patriotic War caused significant damage to the monastery. Currently, only the Trinity Cathedral, part of the monastery wall with towers and gates, as well as ancient gravestones, have been preserved.

The Trinity Cathedral, built in 1668 in the Byzantine style, was intended as a burial place for the relatives of the tsarina. The funds for its construction were provided by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and Tsarina Maria Miloslavskaya.

On July 17, 2002, the revival of the monastery as a women's monastery began. Services and processions are held here again. On March 17, 2004, the right chapel of the Trinity Cathedral was consecrated in honor of the Royal Martyrs. On March 20, 2004, the first Divine Liturgy was served again in the cathedral. On April 6, 2004, the central dome of the cathedral was crowned with a cross topped with a royal crown.

On July 9, 2009, the miraculous Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God was returned to the monastery, and commemorative crosses were erected at the site of its apparition and two churches.