The Holy Trinity Women's Monastery was founded in 1643 by the wealthy Murom merchant Tarasiy Borisov, known as Bogdan Tsvetnoy, on the site of a wooden church. According to legend, here, at the 'Old Vyshny Gorodishche', Prince Konstantin, who baptized the land of Murom, built the first wooden temple in honor of Boris and Gleb. Later, a wooden Trinity Church was erected on this site. A description from 1636 mentions that it was located opposite the Annunciation Monastery and was wooden with a tented roof, featuring an iron dome and cross. The church had an altar dedicated to Boris and Gleb, as well as church vessels and vestments, all built by the Murom merchant Boris Semyonov and his son Bogdan. In 1642, construction of a stone church began on the site of the old wooden church, and a year later, a cathedral was erected in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity. The cornerstone, preserved to this day, testifies to the completion of construction in August 1642 thanks to the efforts of Tarasiy Borisov.

In 1643, Bogdan Tsvetnoy received permission from the Bishop of Ryazan and Murom to establish a women's monastery on the site of the Trinity parish. In 1648, a church in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was built above the Holy Gates. In 1652, the construction of a multi-tiered bell tower was completed, which finally shaped the architectural appearance of the monastery. The main relic became the Vilensky Cross, associated with the name of Bogdan Tsvetnov.

In 1663, the monastery received a charter from Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, exempting it from taxes. In 1764, there were 15 nuns living in the monastery, and nuns from abolished monasteries were transferred here. In 1786, the porch and gallery of the cathedral were rebuilt for expansion. In 1792, a fire destroyed all the cells, and in 1805, the wooden fence burned down. In 1807, with the funds of widow Alexandra Dmitrievna Neymanova, the construction of a new stone fence began, completed in 1808. In 1810, the Three Saints altar of the cathedral was rebuilt. In 1865, with the funds of Alexei Vasilyevich Ermakov, a stone chapel was built, and the domes of the cathedral and bell tower were gilded. In 1885, permission was granted to build a second floor over the warm altar. In 1898, a stone building was constructed, where in 1899 a women's church-parish school opened, becoming a two-class school in 1902.

In 1918, the monastery was closed, and its buildings were used for various needs. In the 1930s, the monastery was under the military department, and its buildings were used as warehouses. In 1941, the cathedral building was repurposed as a shoemaking workshop. In 1961-1962, cosmetic restoration was carried out. In the 1970s, the ensemble of the monastery was recognized as a monument of republican significance. On May 15, 1991, the monastery was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church, becoming the first women's monastery opened in the Vladimir diocese.

Since 2001, a boarding house 'Nadezhda' for minors and the elderly has been operating at the monastery. The monastery also provides support to several prisons, a juvenile colony, a military unit, and the Murom society of wheelchair users 'Phoenix'.