In the center of the monastery stands the Assumption Cathedral, the exact date of its founding is unknown. It has existed in its current form since the time of Bishop Ambrose of Pereslavl, who expanded it by adding an altar and two chapels. The southern chapel is dedicated to the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, while the northern one is dedicated to the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The interior decoration of the cathedral, begun under Bishop Ambrose, was completed under Bishop Theophylact with funds received from Empress Catherine II. Since then, the cathedral has not undergone significant changes.

The exterior of the church has a square shape, and the added altar and chapels do not disrupt the overall plan, as they are lower in height than the main part and resemble porches. The altar consists of three parts: the central, semicircular part occupies the entire width of the church, while the side parts, resembling towers, adjoin the chapels. The northern tower houses the altar, while the southern tower contains the sacristy.

In the center of the cathedral is a majestic elevated place on seven steps with an archbishop's seat. On both sides, at a height of three steps, are places for priests, separated by a gilded wooden lattice. In front of them are 12 analogion stands, on which, according to tradition, the priests read the Gospel on Easter Sunday together with the archbishop.

The antimins on the main and chapel altars were consecrated by Bishop Theophylact. The iconostasis is made in the baroque style with carved images of angels. The royal doors are adorned with carvings depicting the 12 apostles at the table, and above the gates, the Virgin Mary is depicted in radiance. The walls of the cathedral are decorated with 18th-century paintings. In the chapel of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Bishop Gennady of Pereslavl is buried.

Among the ancient icons in the cathedral, there is the icon of the Assumption of the Mother of God, which, according to tradition, was painted in the 14th century. The icon case bears an inscription stating that this image remained after the destruction of the old iconostasis that existed during the time of the archimandrite in Goritsky Monastery, when Princess Evdokia Dmitrievna adorned the monastery in 1359. The icon of the Kazan Mother of God is also held in special reverence, although the time of its creation is unknown. The other icons date back to the 18th century. Among the altar crosses, a silver cross gifted by Deacon Matfey Ivanovich Mogilevsky in 1697 stands out, as well as another cross donated by Archimandrite Raphael in 1641. Also noteworthy is the shroud, embroidered with gold and silver and adorned with pearls, gifted in 1698 by Ivan Ivanovich Buturlin and his wife Aksinya Petrovna. Among the manuscripts, two synodics written in half-ustav have been preserved.

Services in the Assumption Cathedral are held only in the summer on Sundays and holidays, while in winter, services are conducted in the warm Epiphany Church under the bell tower.