The Trinity Church in the city of Oboyan was laid in 1898, replacing the Trinity Church built in 1743. Construction progressed rapidly, and services began even before its completion. The church, finally completed in 1908, became the main one in Oboyan, uniting the parishes of the Trinity Church and the Alexander Nevsky Church, which remained a dependent church until 1917. The central market was located around the church.

In 1917, the parish was closed by the decision of the Oboyan Council of People's Deputies and was used for other purposes. In the spring and summer of 1943, services resumed in the church, and its basements served as a bomb shelter from German air raids.

On December 22, 1990, bells were installed in the church. From 1990 to August 19, 1993, the church was under the control of schismatics until it was liberated by OMON forces.

In 2008, the 100th anniversary of the church's consecration was celebrated, and in 2009, internal renovation work began.