In the early 1840s, the convent acquired the neighboring estate of merchant G.V. Butorin, which included two houses and a luxurious fruit garden with apple and pear trees.

On October 19, 1843, the construction of the new warm Epiphany Cathedral began on this territory. The altars of its three altars were placed in locations where swans had previously inhabited. The construction of the temple became a true test for the nuns of the convent. The monastery did not have sufficient funds for such a large-scale project, and there were no major donations or external assistance. Therefore, many sisters themselves prepared rubble stone for the foundation, dug clay, shaped and fired bricks, delivered building materials, and produced and burned lime. Among them was the future abbess of the convent, Izmaragda Voskresenskaya, then a nun named Alevtina, who spent seven years at a brick factory located one verst from the city. Other nuns collected donations to hire workers. Over time, deposits and offerings appeared.

On June 11, 1844, the stone masonry of the cathedral began, and in 1853, the construction was completed. On October 17, Archbishop Eugene consecrated the main altar and the right chapel in honor of the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God, and the next day, October 18, the left chapel in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and St. John the Merciful was consecrated by Archimandrite Nikodim, who later became the Bishop of Yenisei and Krasnoyarsk.

The cathedral was built according to the design of the famous Russian architect Konstantin Andreyevich Ton, the creator of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow and many other buildings and churches. He also worked on the restoration of ancient monuments and created albums of standard projects for church and civil constructions.

The interior of the temple features a spacious hall with four columns supporting the vaults. The altar apses are located behind an additional pair of columns that replace the eastern wall of the square. From the west, a small porch leads into the temple, above which on the second floor is the sacristy, accessible by a wide and convenient internal staircase. Beneath the cathedral is a vast basement, which primarily strengthens the foundation of the building but can also be used for household purposes. Under the northern apse of the cathedral was a chapel with a revered icon of the Mother of God "The Vigilant Eye," with an entrance from Rostov Street, completed with an iron canopy.

The temple was adorned with external paintings. Above the western entrance in a semicircular niche was an image of the Epiphany of the Lord, protected by a glass frame. On April 23, 1888, icons of the Epiphany of the Lord, the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God, and St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, made on zinc sheets, were installed in the altar niches. In 1889, paintings on zinc sheets depicting the Holy Trinity, the Nativity of Christ, the Transfiguration of the Lord, the Resurrection and Ascension of the Lord, the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and icons of the Theotokos of Theodore and Iberia were also made in the tympanums of the kokoshniks of the temple.

The icons in the altar niches were lost soon after the closure of the temple, and the paintings of the kokoshniks were severely damaged, with the zinc sheets disappearing. The wooden frames to which they were attached were removed during the facade repairs in 2006.

In 2009, the revival of the temple began.