Nicholas II, born on May 18, 1868, became the last emperor of Russia. He was the son of Alexander III and received an excellent education, studying history, literature, economics, law, and military affairs, as well as being fluent in French, German, and English. He ascended to the throne at the age of 26 after his father's death.

On November 14, 1894, Nicholas married the German princess Alice of Hesse, known as Alexandra Feodorovna. They had five children: the first daughter Olga was born on November 3, 1895, followed by Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia. The long-awaited heir, son Alexei, was born on August 12, 1904. He was soon diagnosed with hemophilia, but remained the only heir.

The coronation of Nicholas II and his wife took place on May 26, 1896. However, during these days, a tragic event known as Khodynka occurred, where 1,282 people died in a stampede.

During Nicholas II's reign, Russia experienced an economic upturn. The agricultural sector strengthened, the country became a leading exporter of agricultural products in Europe, and a stable gold currency was introduced. Industry developed, cities and railroads were built. Nicholas II implemented reforms, including the introduction of regulated working hours and insurance for workers, as well as reforms in the army and navy. He supported the development of culture and science.

Despite the achievements, unrest occurred in the country. In January 1905, the first Russian revolution began, triggered by "Bloody Sunday." This led to the issuance of the manifesto on October 17, 1905, which proclaimed civil liberties and the establishment of a parliament with the State Duma and the State Council. On June 3, 1907, the June Third coup occurred, changing the electoral rules.

With the onset of World War I in 1914, the situation in the country worsened, and failures on the front undermined Nicholas II's authority. In February 1917, an uprising broke out in Petrograd, and on March 2, 1917, Nicholas II abdicated the throne to avoid bloodshed.

On March 9, 1917, the Provisional Government arrested the Romanov family and sent them to Tsarskoye Selo. In August, they were moved to Tyumen, and in April 1918, to Yekaterinburg. On the night of July 16-17, the Romanovs were shot in the basement. Investigations revealed that none of the royal family survived.