The building that currently houses the E.I. Martynovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine was originally intended for the Morozov Institute, which specialized in tumor treatment. The idea for its creation belonged to V.A. Morozova, whose mother, Avdotya Yakovlevna Kludova, died of cancer when Varvara was only six years old. Morozova supported the initiative to establish an institution in Moscow to help such patients. The institute was named after the Morozovs due to their significant donations, which allowed the opening of the first institute in Russia for tumor treatment in 1903.

The institute was headed by Professor L.L. Levshin. The location for the institution was chosen away from the city noise, even apart from the Clinical Town on Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street. The treatment facility was designed by Levshin himself, and the construction was carried out by architect R.I. Klein and engineer I.I. Rerberg, who refused payment, allowing for the construction of a laboratory at the institute. The building was adorned with a corner rotunda with a glass dome, under which the operating room was located, but the dome has not survived.

Despite financial support from E.I. Benardaki and M.I. Popova and the free labor of staff, there were not enough funds to care for the patients. The clinic accepted severely ill patients who required careful attention and treated them with X-rays, radium, and ultraviolet light. Laboratory research was needed to improve treatment, but there were insufficient funds. The clinic likely functioned for a long time as a hospice, where patients received care, but treatment and research were in their early stages. Levshin tried to make the patients' stay in the clinic more comfortable.

In the 1910s, with funds from M.F., V.A., and I.A. Morozov, a morgue was built at the clinic, located away from the ward windows. The construction work was carried out by A.I. Shabalin. Despite the lack of funds, by 1913, the doctors and laboratory assistants of the institute had completed many scientific studies.

During World War I, the institute became a hospital. From 1922, it housed a preclinical surgical clinic, and in 1947, the oncological institute moved to 2nd Botkinsky Lane, freeing up space for the E.I. Martynovsky Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine.