The history museum of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was established in 1976 by the order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the TASSR, Salikh Yapeev. Exhibits for the museum were collected from all over the republic: letters were sent from Kazan to district police departments requesting interesting items. Over time, people began to bring items themselves. The museum's collection includes a variety of uniforms, ranging from the NKVD staff uniforms to modern bulletproof vests. There is also a Soviet street telephone booth in the museum, where a call cost two kopecks, but calls to emergency services, including the police, were free.

Initially, the museum was located in the House of Culture named after Menzhinsky, which had only two exhibition halls. In 2009, by the order of the Minister of Internal Affairs Asgat Safarov, the museum moved to a new building specially constructed for its needs. It now occupies 400 square meters. For the 300th anniversary of the service in 2018, an expansion of the museum is planned: the first floor of the building will be transferred to it, allowing for the creation of a wardrobe, lecture and exhibition halls, a hall for generals of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and an increase in storage facilities. In the fall, the museum will close for renovations, and the updated version will open in January 2018.

The Ministry of Internal Affairs Museum is not just a room with shelves. It is frequently visited by schoolchildren, for whom an interactive hall has been created. Here they can try on uniforms, test their knowledge of traffic rules, create a composite sketch, and watch educational films. The museum staff hopes that this will help foster legal awareness among the youth.