In 1813, the venerable Seraphim predicted to the grandfather of the future founder of the monastery, Neonilla, known in monasticism as Nadezhda Zakharova, about her birth: "Three days ago, a girl named Nilenka was born in Davydovo. She will be a subject of mockery for people, but will be glorified by the Queen of Heaven." At the age of twenty, Neonilla, at the instruction of the Mother of God, founded a small community of sisters in the Dalne-Davydov Desert in 1845. However, due to slander, the sisters were forced to relocate to Gremyachevo, where they were sheltered by peasants, and Prince D.F. Zvenigorodsky donated about 3 desyatins of land in Kutuzovo by the Lomovka River. In 1865, the first seven sisters settled here, and five years later, they cultivated 30 desyatins of land. In 1886, the community was officially approved at the request of Bishop Modest.

The sisters engaged in agriculture, sewing church vestments, embroidery, knitting, weaving, shoemaking, and flax spinning. They built a water mill and organized an icon-painting workshop, where they trained in the Serafimo-Diveevo Monastery.

Neonilla, who took the monastic name Nadezhda in the Sarov Desert, died on January 27, 1875. During Great Lent in 1877, under the management of the monastery by Sister Magdalina, the place of the Mother of God's vision to Neonilla was consecrated for the future cathedral. However, the construction of the stone church began only in 1886 and lasted 19 years with funds raised by the sisters. In 1905, the main altar of the cathedral was consecrated in honor of the Uncreated Image of the Savior, and the right chapel, in the name of Saints Joachim and Anna. Since 1898, a wooden three-altar church was also being built.

In December 1902, the Kutuzov community became a women's monastery. By 1907, it had more than 300 sisters. The main relics of the monastery were the icon of the Most Holy Theotokos "Relieve My Sorrows," the icon of Venerable Seraphim, and his personal belongings, such as a hair shirt, cuffs, and paraman.

In January 1930, the Kutuzovsky Monastery was closed, the churches were looted, and the inhabitants were expelled. On December 25, 1992, the territory of the former monastery was transferred to the Serafimo-Diveevo Monastery for restoration. On March 20, 1993, the first five sisters arrived there. In July 1994, restoration work on the main cathedral began. In 1995, five gilded crosses were installed on the cathedral. External work was completed in the summer of 1997, and the cathedral appeared in snowy splendor with new domes and shining crosses. Around the cathedral, the crypts of the former monastery cemetery and the foundation of the original wooden church were found.

The internal repair and restoration work of the cathedral continued from 1997 to 2006. On August 30/September 12, 2006, an all-night vigil was held in the restored cathedral for the first time since its closure in 1930.