The stone church of the Ascension of the Lord was built between 1762 and 1767 on the northern outskirts of Kursk, in the Kazatskaya sloboda. Before that, there was a wooden church dedicated to the same saint, built in 1635. In the mid-19th century, chapels were added to the church: in 1838 on the right, in the name of Archangel Michael, and in 1841 on the left, in the name of St. Mitrophan of Voronezh. The church's iconostasis was updated in 1845 and 1883. In 1863, the future lieutenant of the Russian Navy, Alexander Semyonovich Sergeyev, commander of the destroyer "Steregushchiy," was baptized here. In 1888, the altar of the Ascension of the Lord was moved to a new church in the same sloboda, and the church was renamed Michael-Archangel. In 1897, a male church parish school was opened at the church, followed by a female school in 1909. During World War I, the church housed a dormitory for 25 refugees. The church was closed twice: in 1940 for a year and in 1961 for 30 years, during the "Khrushchyov thaw." Initially, a repair workshop for "Kinoprokata" operated in the building, and later it was used as a warehouse for TsUM. In the small church watchman's lodge, several elderly nuns lived in the 1960s and 1970s.

In 1990, the building, which was in poor condition (without floors, windows, and doors), was handed over to the Kursk diocese. On May 15, 1990, services resumed in the church. On December 20, 1999, Archbishop Juvenaly of Kursk and Rylsk consecrated the church in honor of Archistrategos Michael and the other Heavenly Hosts of the Bodiless. The architecture of the church is executed in early and simplified "provincial" classicism with baroque influences in architectural forms, but not in decor and the bell tower. The bell tower, with its slender shape, elongated cylinder of the ringing tier, elegant spire, columns, and rustication, testifies to mature classicism. It is likely that the bell tower and refectory were added to the church later.