The cave church in the Divnogorsk Assumption Monastery, dedicated to the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, is carved into the rock at the top of a mountain, over 40 fathoms above the level of the Don River. The entrance is direct and spacious.

The interior space of the church is divided into three parts, with the altar separated by natural columns. Three openings for the royal doors and side doors have been made between the church and the altar. The altar rises above the church on several steps carved into the chalk mountain. The upper place resembles a pulpit for the archbishop, which was likely intended for archiepiscopal services.

Above the upper place on an oval chalk slab is depicted an eight-pointed cross with the inscription: "Sanctify the altar of the Lord God and our Savior Jesus Christ in the church of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, under the reign of the most pious great Sovereigns and Tsars and great Princes Ivan Alexeyevich and Peter Alexeyevich of all Russia, by the blessing of the great lord, the most holy Abraham, Metropolitan of Belgorod and Oboyansk, in the year 7102, from the Nativity of Christ 1693, indiction I, in the month of November, in memory of the holy martyrs of the 33."

The altar and choir are made of stone and adjoin the walls of the cave. The capacity of the choir is small, designed for 6-8 people. The altar is quite spacious, with a small room carved on the left side, resembling a sacristy. The length of the church with the altar is 40 arshins, and the width is 17 arshins. At the top of the chalk pillar above the church, a gilded dome and cross are installed.

After the closure of the Divnogorsk Monastery in 1788, the cave church remained in neglect for a long time. In 1817, Bishop Epiphanius of Voronezh permitted it to be consecrated and for services to be held there.

However, even after that, the church needed repairs and was renovated. After the installation of a new iconostasis, it was consecrated by Archbishop Anthony of Voronezh on July 28, 1846. Recently, the church has been restored again, with an iconostasis installed, and the icons painted on metal boards.

Next to the cave church is a stone pillar, which was likely planned to be turned into a bell tower with spans and cells, but this led to the destruction of the pillar.