The Kazan Monastery in Omsk began its history in the early 20th century when three nuns from the Sursky Theological Monastery moved from Arkhangelsk. With the blessing of John of Kronstadt, they established a religious and educational community in Omsk. On December 10, 1903, local Cossacks allocated 4 desyatinas of land on the southern outskirts of the city for the construction of a church.

The first structure on this site was a two-story building with a domestic church, where the sisters and community members lived. Construction was completed in 1905. In February 1911, the foundation for the future stone Kazan Church, designed for 500 parishioners, was laid, funded by donations from local residents and the widow of General Lyudmila Golovessova.

The church's design was based on the standard church No. 15 from a collection published in 1899, but a local architect made modifications, increasing the size of the refectory. The apse and chapels had a pentagonal shape. The church was adorned with a tall drum with windows and a helmet-shaped dome, while a tent-like bell tower rose above the entrance.

The church's decor was executed in the neo-Russian style: above the arched openings were kokoshniks supported by semi-columns, and the facades were decorated with ornamental elements made of red brick.

In March 1912, the community became a women's monastery in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, housing 3 nuns and 115 novices. The monastery engaged in educational and enlightening activities, operated a church parish school, and the nuns provided medical assistance and fulfilled embroidery orders.

In 1915, the monastery was allocated about 300 more desyatinas of land, and the construction of the church was completed. On July 1, 1916, Bishop Silvester of Omsk consecrated it.

After the revolution, the fate of the church became uncertain. According to some sources, in 1918 a prison was established on the monastery's territory, while others claim the monastery continued to operate. In December 1919, the monastery was closed, and the buildings were transferred to a children's labor commune. Most of the nuns were evicted, leaving only the sick and elderly.

In the summer of 1921, a fire destroyed the main building, and the surviving church was returned to the parishioners. The Kazan Church parish was one of the largest in the city, numbering 788 people, most of whom belonged to the Tikhonov orientation of Orthodox Christians.

Despite its popularity, on March 8, 1930, the church was closed. Some of the church utensils were transferred to a local museum, while most items, including five bronze bells, were sent to the Leningrad Gostorg. The building was repurposed into a state farm club, with the bell tower and the upper part of the church demolished.

Nuns Evdokia, Irina, and Serafima moved to Ignatovka, where they founded a catacomb church. During the war, the building served as a collection point, and later it remained vacant until 1979 when it was used as a vegetable base.

In 1989, the building was recognized as a monument of architecture and history. In July 1990, it was returned to the believers, and repairs and restoration began. The bell tower and domes have now been fully restored, and the interior finishing is complete. Services are held at the Kazan Church, and a monument has been erected nearby to the nuns who suffered during the Soviet years.