Until 1783, there was a wooden one-story church in Karachev on Kozelskaya Street, dedicated to Saint Paraskeva-Friday, known as the Friday Church. When and by whom it was built is unknown. In 1783, a stone two-story church was erected nearby, with the main altar dedicated to the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, hence it was named Kazan. The construction was carried out by merchant Alexei Gerasimov Sytyn and funded by donations from parishioners and benefactors. The wooden Friday church was sold, and a stone monument was erected in its place, which still stands today.

From the furnishings of the old church, two icons have survived: the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, adorned with a silver riza in 1862, and Saint Paraskeva, Friday, which has long been covered with a silver riza.

In 1885 and 1886, the church was expanded thanks to the efforts of the elder Ivan Ivanovich Suslov and donations from benefactors. The church is now strong and spacious; the lower floor is warm, while the upper one is cold. The furnishings and sacristy are rich. Among the relics, the following are especially venerated:

1. An icon of the Savior in the image of the Eternal Infant on the cross.
2. The Life-Giving Cross of the Lord with relics of 30 saints, donated by Ignatius, a native of Karachev.
3. The Not-Made-By-Hands image of the Savior, a gift from Anna Petrovna Moryakina, embroidered with pearls and adorned with stones, installed in the iconostasis since 1873.
4. A rare 18th-century Gospel in a silver and gilded cover, weighing 2 poods and 7 pounds.
5. A shroud embroidered with gold and pearls on Venetian velvet.

The church has six altars: three in the upper church (Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, Protection, and Nativity of the Mother of God) and three in the lower (Saint Paraskeva, Friday, Venerable Alexius the Man of God, and Saint Barbara the Great Martyr). During services, a choir sings, consisting of parishioners, paid singers, and students from the church school. On weekdays, amateurs sing. The choir is supported by sponsorship, while amateurs sing for free. There are no ancient graves near the church, except for the grave of Protopriest Mikhail Pokrovsky.

The church does not own land, but houses for the clergy are located within the church grounds. Church shops are also located here, which are rented out. The clergy does not receive a salary. Ancient documents have not survived, but there are copies of metric books and confession records from 1805. The clergy consists of a priest, a deacon, and a psalmist.

Since 1889, a church school has been operating at the church. The history of the Kazan church dates back to the first half of the 17th century. Since 1784, the parish has been called Kazan and includes several streets. The population of the parish mainly consists of merchants and tradesmen. In 1876, part of Shchemilovka was transferred to the Transfiguration parish. Currently, there are 186 houses in the parish.

The Kazan church was important for the merchant class of Karachev. Nearby was the house of the wealthy merchant V.N. Kochergin.

Protopriest Mikhail Vasilyevich Pokrovsky served here, the grandfather of the writer Mikhail Bulgakov. He came from a dynasty of clergymen. After graduating from seminary, he became a priest of the cemetery church, and later was transferred to the Kazan church, where he rose to the rank of protopriest. He died in 1894, and his grave is located within the church grounds.

On May 19, 1865, during a thunderstorm, the house of merchant Boyev caught fire, leading to a fire that destroyed part of the city, including the Kazan church and the Pokrovsky house. Mikhail Vasilyevich lost his property for the third time, but his first priority was to restore the church within 5 months.