Among the significant achievements of Russian physicist Georgy Antonovich Gamov are his research on the genetic code, the theory of alpha decay, and the prediction of cosmic microwave background radiation, which became an important milestone in the development of cosmology. Georgy Antonovich was born in 1904 in Odessa, showed an interest in science from childhood, and later enrolled in the physics and mathematics faculty of Petrograd University. As a promising theorist, he was repeatedly sent for internships in Europe, from where he eventually moved to the USA, becoming an expatriate in his homeland. In America, his knowledge was in demand at leading scientific institutions. At the University of Colorado, he made one of the key discoveries in cosmology.

While developing the Big Bang theory, Gamov focused on thermal radiation and proposed a hot universe model. According to his conclusion, the explosion that created the universe was accompanied by powerful electromagnetic radiation of short waves. This cloud of radiation gradually cooled as the universe expanded and, after billions of years, turned into cosmic microwave background radiation. Many of us can observe it: it manifests as static on a television screen in the absence of a signal. Gamov also quite accurately estimated the temperature of this radiation, suggesting that it is about 3 degrees Kelvin.

However, the scientific community was skeptical of his theory. Nevertheless, in 1965, American physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson confirmed the existence of cosmic microwave background radiation as a trace of the universe's birth, for which they received the Nobel Prize. It would have been fair to award it to Gamov, who was the first to draw attention to this phenomenon.