Yevgeny Felitsyn was born on March 17, 1848, in Stavropol. His father was a senior officer in the Russian army. In 1864, he graduated from the Stavropol provincial gymnasium and entered military service as a non-commissioned officer in the 74th Stavropol Infantry Regiment, which participated in combat operations in the Western Caucasus. As part of this regiment, he took part in expeditions against the mountaineers.

After the conclusion of the Caucasian War, Felitsyn retired in December 1864 without a military rank, but three years later he returned to service. In July 1869, he was sent to the Tiflis Infantry School for training.

Completing the course with distinction, Felitsyn received the rank of ensign on October 20, 1872. In 1875, he voluntarily transferred to the Yekaterinodar Cavalry Regiment of the Kuban Cossack Army, being renamed as a chieftain and was attached to the staff of the Kuban Cossack Army.

During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, Felitsyn served as the senior aide-de-camp of the Batalpashinsk military department and was later attached to the combined Khoper-Kuban Cossack regiment. As part of the Marukh detachment under the command of Lieutenant General Pavel Babich, he participated in the campaign against Turkish troops in Sukhum.

For his diligence in ensuring the movement of the detachment, Felitsyn was awarded the rank of centurion on November 30, 1879. After the war with Turkey, he was again appointed senior aide-de-camp to the staff of the Kuban Cossack Army.

In 1884, Felitsyn was awarded the rank of esau, and three years later he was transferred to the I Yekaterinodar Regiment, where he became the commander of a hundred. In 1888, he took the position of head of the office of the chief of the Kuban region and the acting ataman of the Kuban Cossack Army.

Four years later, Felitsyn was sent to Tiflis, where in December he became the acting chairman of the Caucasian Archeographic Commission. He was later awarded the rank of army elder.

While in military service, Felitsyn was passionate about natural sciences, collecting materials on paleontology, botany, mineralogy, and geology. He studied archival materials on the history of Kuban, as well as the demographics and ethnography of the mountain tribes of the North Caucasus.

Felitsyn also collected biographical information about military figures in the Caucasus and the heroic deeds of Russian warriors and mountaineers, personally visiting the sites of events.

He began his literary activity with publications in the newspaper "Kuban Provincial News." His works were also published in such publications as "Tiflis News," "Caucasus," "Reports of the Society of Lovers of Natural Science, Anthropology and Ethnography," "Kuban," and others.

Yevgeny Dmitrievich was the first secretary of the Kuban Provincial Statistical Committee and edited its publications. He also worked on the editorial board of the unofficial section of the newspaper "Kuban Provincial News."

Felitsyn published two volumes of the "Caucasian Collection" and seven "Memorial and Reference Books of the Kuban Region." He also compiled a "Bibliographic Index of Literature on the Kuban Cossack Army and the Black Sea Province."

As chairman of the Caucasian Archeographic Commission, Felitsyn edited the 12th volume of the "Acts Collected by the Caucasian Archeographic Commission."

His favorite subject of research was archaeology. Felitsyn undertook a number of archaeological expeditions in the Kuban region, investigating burial mounds and dolmens, describing over 700 megalithic tombs. He sent his findings to museums in Tiflis, Moscow, and St. Petersburg.

Felitsyn was actively involved in public activities, including charity and infrastructure development. He also researched agricultural and economic issues in the Kuban region.

Felitsyn was professionally engaged in photography, capturing historically significant objects and natural landscapes. For some time, he was interested in music, writing and publishing musical pieces and marches.

In the last years of his life, Felitsyn, living in Yekaterinodar, led a reclusive lifestyle, preparing his works for publication. In late summer 1903, he went to Gelendzhik for health recovery but soon returned to Yekaterinodar.

Yevgeny Dmitrievich passed away on December 23, 1903, at the age of 55 in the Kuban military hospital due to inflammation of the brain. The funeral service took place at the Resurrection Church, and he was buried in the officer's section of the military cemetery.