The earliest document mentioning the house of merchant Khloponin is the "Description of the Courtyard Locations of the City of Kursk, according to the Most High Confirmed Plan of 1782." The plan depicts the house and the wing in the shape of the letter "G," but there are no explanations about the complex of buildings in the document.

The first documented owner of the estate was merchant of the 1st guild Semyon Ivanovich Khloponin, known in Kursk at the end of the 18th century. He held the positions of ratman of the city magistrate and city head. In the description of the city plan of 1792, the estate is indicated as the property of Khloponin. He acquired the house through a purchase deed and established an inn in it, but it is unknown from whom and when he bought the estate.

On July 25, 1810, Khloponin's son, Dmitry Semyonovich, sold the estate to Pyotr Mikhailovich Vetchinkin for 4,500 rubles in banknotes. At that time, the buildings were in poor condition: without roofs, window frames, and floors destroyed. The new owner thoroughly rebuilt the house: he added a wooden staircase to the balcony, framed the windows and doors, and adapted the room in the southern part of the building for storage, preserving the vaulted ceiling, iron doors, and grilles on the windows. Other rooms on the first and second floors were converted into living quarters, and part of the building was rented out. On May 8 (21), 1907, in one of the rooms rented by an engineer's family, the well-known architect Leonid Alexandrovich Litoshenko was born.

In 1913, the building was purchased by the Kursk Noble Assembly from the Vetchinkins for 18,000 rubles to create a museum in honor of the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov. The house was restored over two years, but after the October Revolution, it was left without an owner and was looted. In 1922, the city communal services issued an order to remove part of the roof and rafters for a military unit.

In the 1920s, museum workers tried to draw attention to the building, and in 1922 it was transferred to the provincial museum, which, due to lack of funds, rented out the house. In the early 1930s, the building was repaired, changing its appearance, with only the small tower on massive columns preserved. In February 1936, the regional House of Young Tourists opened here, which also housed a dormitory, a tourist museum, a reading room, and the editorial office of the children's newspaper "Pioneer."

After World War II, the house was used as a warehouse for industrial goods, and the wing housed a hardware warehouse. Later, the building was used as a textile warehouse, and the wing as a warehouse for the education department. In 1985, the tenants left the building, and it was once again without an owner and was looted.

In 1990, the estate was transferred to the balance of the Committee for Culture of the Kursk Region. After restoration, the Kursk State Regional Museum of Archaeology began to operate there.

The building has massive walls 80-90 centimeters thick, made of brick and reinforced with iron ties. One of the internal walls is even thicker, housing a hidden staircase. The house has a rectangular shape with a massive porch and a small tower-attic on the third floor. The entrance is framed by an arched opening with faceted supports, and above the porch is a covered terrace. The building is asymmetrical, with rusticated pilasters and window openings framed with moldings. Outside, it is painted in burgundy with white details. On the first floor, there is a corridor dividing the building into two parts, with basements and an underground passage beneath it. The roof is hipped.

Many legends are associated with Khloponin's house. Research has shown that many of them are not true. For a long time, it was believed that the house belonged to the voivodes Romodanovsky, but archival documents disproved this. There was also an opinion that monks from the Trinity Monastery lived here, but church documents do not confirm this. It was thought that an open stone staircase led to the house, but archaeologists found no traces of it. The legend of Stepan Razin's stay here has also not been confirmed, as the house was built later than 1671.