The church was built between 1797 and 1804 with funds from the landowner Pavel Petrovich Naryshkin. The right chapel was consecrated in honor of his wife Varvara. The contractor and builder was a local peasant, Andrei Ivanovich Ryabina. The left chapel was established in 1890-1891 thanks to funds raised by priest Andrei Bogolyubov, with significant donations from Marquise Elizaveta Mikhailovna Paulucchi, who owned the village since 1881, and her husband Alexander Filippovich.

Daria Lavrentiyeva, known as Daria Sevastopolskaya, the first Russian nurse, was born in Klyuchishchi. In 1891 and 1892, she lived in Klyuchishchi and donated several icons to the church.

In 1801 and 1825, priest Semyon Ivanovich Chernyshov served in the parish. In 1887 and 1905, priest Andrei Ivanovich Bogolyubov served in the church, who compiled and published a description of the church and parish.

During the Soviet era, the church, like many others in Russia, was desecrated, looted, and closed.

The restoration of the church took place in 2011 with funds from benefactor Natalia Vladimirovna Devyatykh, chairwoman of the board of the joint-stock company bank 'Zarechye'.

On November 26, 2011, Archbishop Anastasiy of Kazan and Tatarstan performed the solemn consecration of the church. Since then, it has acquired new heavenly patrons, and the chapels were consecrated in honor of Saints Spyridon of Trimythous and Nicholas of Myra. The main altar, as in pre-revolutionary times, was consecrated in honor of John the Baptist.