The exact date of the original church's construction is unknown. In 1565, there was already a church on this site with an altar in honor of the Entry into the Temple of the Most Holy Theotokos. In the 18th century, the church was rebuilt and fully consecrated as the Vvedensky Church. Its appearance successfully combined elements of Russian Baroque, characteristic of that era, and the tent style of the 17th century. The fire of 1815 left the Vvedensky Church in ruins, and it remained unrepaired for over thirty years. A lithograph by E. Turnerelli shows that the church was without a dome, with cracked walls and empty window openings. However, in 1849 and 1854, the Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit was built, which almost completely replicated the destroyed Vvedensky Church. It was the same church, but newly consecrated and united with the palace. Although the last consecration dates it to the mid-19th century, its decor is a monument of Russian Baroque from the 18th century. All similar structures in our region have unfortunately been destroyed, including the Vvedensky Cathedral of the Kizich Monastery and the Resurrection Cathedral of New Jerusalem.

The gallery of the Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit is a unique architectural work. There are no other churches in Kazan and its surroundings with arched covered galleries. Originally, it was an uncovered terrace in the shape of the letter 'P', later transformed into a bright corridor. After the restoration in 2002, the windows became operable, allowing the gallery to be either open or closed. A covered passage leads to the church over the arch, reminiscent of the passages of the Grand Kremlin Palace in Moscow. From the tower of Syuyumbeki, a convenient staircase leads to the church. The church harmonizes with the tower in its stepped structure, consisting of two 'steps' resembling the two lower tiers of the tower. The church is half as tall but elegant, topped with an octagonal dome adorned with copper floral garlands. These decorations are reminiscent of the royal church of the Grand Palace in Peterhof. The palace church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit occupied the second floor, where there was an altar dedicated to St. Martyr Queen Alexandra. On the first floor, there was an altar of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, whose icon was donated by Anna Davydovna Boratynskaya in the mid-19th century. All icons and sacred altar items were contemporary to the church's consecration in 1854. However, they did not survive, as the church was looted in 1918. Converted into a dining room, the church lost its interior decor in the classical style, which could have created an interesting contrast with the facades in the style of Russian Baroque.

The church is still not functioning, although it underwent major restoration in 2001 and 2002. The installation of a 'UNESCO' sign instead of a cross on the dome caused mixed reactions, especially among the faithful. The sign was soon removed, and now the dome of the church remains without its crowning cross.