The Church of Seraphim of Sarov in pre-revolutionary Rostov-on-Don is one of the revived churches built during the reign of Nicholas II and destroyed by the Bolsheviks. The history of the parish began after the canonization of the elder, when in the autumn of 1899, the rector of the Gnilovsk-Troitsky church appealed to Archbishop Athanasius of Don and Novocherkassk with a request to allow the construction of a new church. Permission was granted, and soon a board of trustees was formed, headed by Cossack Grigory Petrov. It took several years to raise funds, draft a project, and prepare for construction, and in July 1903, a location for the building was determined.

The residents of the Gnilovskaya stanitsa were among the first in Russia to begin erecting a church in honor of St. Seraphim of Sarov, one of the most revered Orthodox saints. The first stone was laid in 1904, and in 1911, thanks to donations from parishioners, the construction was completed. On December 4, 1911, the dean of the Aksai district, Archpriest Alexander Grigoriev, consecrated the new church.

With the advent of Soviet power, the church faced persecution: in 1922 it was looted, and relics were sold abroad. The church was closed in 1937, and the clergy and parishioners were subjected to repression. In 1942, after the arrival of German and Cossack troops, the church reopened and operated until 1956, after which it was again taken over by the Soviet authorities. In 1959-1960, the building was converted into a music school named after Glinka, which remained there until the collapse of the USSR and the beginning of the revival of Cossack culture in the Don region.

In the autumn of 1992, Orthodox residents of Rostov and the 'Union of Cossacks of the Gnilovskaya stanitsa' began the return of buildings belonging to the Church of Seraphim of Sarov. Since January 1995, the restoration of the church has been under the patronage of Bishop Panteleimon of Rostov and Novocherkassk. On September 14, 2004, Bishop Panteleimon consecrated the newly rebuilt church. Thanks to the efforts of the rector, clergy, board of trustees, and parishioners, the restoration of the interior decoration was completed, and services are once again held in the church.