In the 18th century, many Russians came to Baden-Baden for treatment and relaxation, with many staying for extended periods. Society at that time was deeply religious, creating a need for the construction of an Orthodox church. At the request of Duchess Maria of Leuchtenberg, the city authorities of Baden allocated a plot for the construction of the temple. The first stone of the church was ceremoniously laid in August 1881. By October 1882, the construction was completed, and on October 28, the Transfiguration Church was consecrated.

The church was built according to the design of I.V. Strom, a Russian architect known for constructing Orthodox churches in Paris and Athens, under the guidance of Belzer. The Venetian artist Salviati created a mosaic icon of the Transfiguration of the Lord based on sketches by Prince Gagarin, which still adorns the entrance to the church today. The church was constructed in the style of most Orthodox churches and topped with an onion dome gilded in gold. In plan, it represents a cross, supported by six columns. The interior frescoes include seven murals dedicated to the life of Jesus Christ. The windows are decorated with stained glass, and the entire interior space is adorned with mosaic patterns.

The crypt contains the burials of Princess Tatyana Gagarina and Duchess Maria. The walls of the crypt are decorated with mosaic patterns, and the floor is laid with white marble. Services are held weekly at the Transfiguration Church.