The construction of the church began in 1620, immediately after the destructive Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish invasions. The Peter and Paul Church became the first in the Prionezhye school of tent churches, while the Assumption Church in Kondopoga is considered the pinnacle of this architectural style. The earliest mentions of the church's construction on Lychny Island are found in the Census Book compiled by Andrey Plescheyev in 1583.

Over the many years of its existence, the Church of Peter and Paul has undergone numerous changes. For example, the tent bell tower adjacent to the refectory on the west side was removed, the windows were enlarged, both porches were redesigned, and the height of the tent was increased. These changes were made long ago, but even in the 21st century, the Peter and Paul Church underwent alterations. The design organization ZAO 'Lad' developed a restoration project for the church at the initiative of the Federal Agency for Culture and Cinematography, and restorers from the firm 'Exiton' literally breathed new life into the temple. From 2002 to 2004, work was carried out to replace rotting crowns on the southeast and northern sides of the log structure. The church floors and the floors in the refectory were leveled, several logs in the octagon of the church were replaced, the porch and roof were restored, and a new dome was installed. As a result of the restoration, the Peter and Paul Church regained its historical appearance.

The architectural style of the church resembles that of the Kondopoga church, which also has an octagon located on a square base, with the upper tier being slightly wider than the lower one. A frontal belt is also present, but in the case of the Lychny Island church, it runs above the square base, although it is less elegant and beautiful than that of the Kondopoga church. The Peter and Paul Church appears somewhat squat and disproportionate, as the altar extension is very small, while the refectory room seems massive and spacious.

One of the most beautiful details of the Peter and Paul Church is the porch, which consists of three parts: stairs, a lower platform, and an upper platform. The upper platform rests on wall logs-brackets. Carved columns support the roof of the porch and serve as a kind of decorative frame, characteristic of the typical Karelian landscape, which can be enjoyed from the upper platform of the stairs.

The interior of the church is significantly different from that of the Kondopoga church and looks much more modest. The interior decorations have not been well preserved, and some icons are severely damaged.