The construction of the church in the village of Oskino began in 1909 at the initiative of local residents and lasted three years. On June 13, 1912, the church was solemnly consecrated by Archbishop Vladimir of Penza.

Many, visiting the church in Oskino for the first time, wonder if it is too large for such a small village. The church accommodates up to 2000 people, which is considered a lot even for urban churches. Nowadays, churches are usually built with a capacity of up to 500 people.

Twenty years after its consecration, the church in Oskino, like many others, was closed. However, the Nicholas church remained unscathed and was soon reopened, becoming a place for storing relics from destroyed churches and a house of prayer for Orthodox Christians in difficult times.

Thanks to archival data, we know about the fate of the last rector of the church before its closure, Father Ioann Yankin. In 1937, he was arrested as an active clergyman whose activities caused ideological discomfort for the local collective farm and village council. The NKVD had no real grounds for the arrest, so the priest was accused of counter-revolutionary agitation and anti-collective farm activities. He was charged with organizing mass processions on Easter in 1932 and a prayer for rain in the summer of the same year, which allegedly disrupted collective farm work. Father Ioann was arrested on September 18, 1932, and sentenced to 8 years of imprisonment, later increased to 10 years. The further fate of Father Ioann is unknown.

Particular attention deserves the reopening of the church in 1945. A telegram dated November 16, 1945, has been preserved, informing about the permission to open the church in the village of Oskino. On December 19, 1945, an agreement was signed for the transfer of the building and property to the Orthodox Church, signed by the chairman of the executive committee, the rector of the church, and parishioners.

From the late 1940s to the 1990s, the church remained one of the few functioning churches in the Ulyanovsk and Penza regions, as well as in Mordovia. On festive days, up to 4-5 thousand people would come here, and pilgrims found shelter in the homes of the residents of Oskino.

In 1993, thanks to the efforts of the rector of the church, Father Nikolai Shitov, the complex of the Holy Nicholas Church in Oskino, which includes the church and a chapel in honor of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky, was recognized as a monument of cult architecture of the Ulyanovsk region. The documentation for this was prepared by the regional Department for the Protection of Monuments.