In the mid-19th century, the Kosmin Monastery was considered one of the poor monasteries in Russia, which is why local residents referred to it as "the monastery." In the 15th and 16th centuries, its churches and other buildings were wooden, quickly deteriorating and being rebuilt multiple times. Stone construction began only in the second half of the 17th century.

The gate church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker adorned the main northern entrance to the monastery from the village side. Later, the Nicholas Church was connected to the building of the brotherhood cells and the refectory church of the Image Not Made by Hands, creating a cohesive and convenient monastic complex for prayer and work, initially surrounded by a wooden fence and later by a brick one. Construction work resumed in the 19th century. In 1832, in connection with the glorification of St. Mitrophan of Voronezh, an altar in his name was arranged above the refectory of the church of the Image Not Made by Hands. In the southern part of the main altar of the Assumption Church, an altar in the name of the founder of the monastery, Venerable Cosmas of Yakhren, was renewed. A second floor was added above the abbot's and brotherhood cells, and the Nicholas gate church was rebuilt.

The monastery was closed in 1923. The complex was adapted for the needs of the new authorities, "ownership" was nationalized and transferred to the Vladimir Regional Museum, which removed all valuable items. After the formation of the Nebylo District in 1935, various organizations were located in the monastery. The Nicholas Church housed the state bank, a savings bank, a police station, and a pre-trial detention cell.

In 1992, the Nicholas Church of the Kosmin Monastery, after partially completed restoration, was the first to be handed over to the Russian Orthodox Church. The church still did not have a dome with a cross, while other buildings of the monastery housed the Nebylo Children's Music School and a library.

Monastic life in the Kosmin Monastery resumed in 1994 under Hieromonk Alexander, when the monastery became a dependency of the Vladimir Mother of God-Christmas Monastery. In 1995, it received the status of a monastery, confirmed by a resolution of the Holy Synod on December 27, 1996. In November of the same year, the entire monastery complex was returned to the Vladimir Diocese.