The first mention of the church at the site of the current temple dates back to 1547, when a wooden Church of the Holy Trinity stood here in Starye Kuznetsy. In 1625, it burned down, and a wooden church dedicated to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was built in Kotelniki in its place. The name of the church and the area is associated with the kettle makers who lived here and made cooking pots.

In 1657, the Stroganov merchants replaced the wooden structure with a stone temple, which served as a family burial vault. In 1688, the church was rebuilt again, and a new chapel was added. The main altar was consecrated in honor of St. Nicholas, while the chapel was dedicated to the holy elders Zosima and Savvatiy of Solovetsky. Over time, the church fell into disrepair and was severely damaged in the fire of 1812.

From 1822 to 1824, a new church in the Empire style was built according to the design of O.I. Bove, funded by Prince S.M. Golitsyn in memory of the Stroganov ancestors. The temple was located on the slope of Shvivaya Hill and was visible from both the riverbank and the alley along the facade. On the southern side of the church, there are three bas-reliefs: the Entry into Jerusalem, the Adoration of the Magi, and the Massacre of the Innocents.

In 1873, the widow of deacon Yevdokiya Vinogradova financed the creation of a new chapel dedicated to the martyr Yevdokiya in the refectory. In 1892, under the guidance of architect N.P. Markov, another reconstruction of the temple took place.

During the Soviet era, in 1932, the church was closed, decapitated, partially destroyed, and rebuilt, after which the building was handed over to a chemical laboratory of the Geological Administration.

After partial restoration in the 1970s, the church was granted the status of an architectural monument and placed under state protection.

Since 1992, when the temple was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church, restoration and renovation work began. In 1998, a representation of the Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia opened in the revived church. On October 28, 1998, a grand consecration of the temple was held, conducted by His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and all Rus.