The Church of Cosmas and Damian is first mentioned in church chronicles of the 16th century. In the book of lists and charters, it is noted that "the church was built by priest Varlaam and is located near Nikolai the Old." It was a small and little-known church, the history of which has faded over time. Likely, after 1917, the church was closed and soon destroyed. In 1999, a new church in honor of Saints Cosmas and Damian was built on the territory of the Ryazan Clinical Hospital. The church was consecrated, and since then, services have been held there regularly.