At the intersection of Maroseyka and Starosadsky Lane, where it transitions into Pokrovka, stands a remarkable church resembling several "kulichs" connected together. It is evident that a talented architect worked on it, and indeed, one of the best masters of his time was involved here.

The church is first mentioned in connection with a tragic event: in 1547, it completely burned down. Then it disappears from historical sources and reappears in 1629, again after a devastating fire. In 1639, the church was restored in stone. However, in the 18th century, the building became dilapidated and threatened to collapse. The outstanding architect M. F. Kazakov was invited for its reconstruction. The construction progressed slowly, with interruptions, and lasted from 1791 to 1803. The funds to complete the construction were provided by Lieutenant Colonel M. R. Khlebnikov, who lived across the street.

Although the church is named after Saints Cosmas and Damian, only one of the side chapels is dedicated to them. The second chapel is dedicated to St. Nicholas, while the central altar is consecrated in honor of the icon of Christ the Savior healing the paralytic, which is a unique case in Moscow. The architecture of the church belongs to "mature classicism," characterized by conciseness and restraint. The church attracts attention not so much for its facades, which lack stucco and paintings, but for its overall structure. The altar apse and chapels are equal in height, creating a harmonious ensemble of four cylinders (the main part, the altar, and two chapels) and a cubic refectory with a bell tower. In the main part and the refectory, two-column porticos are located at equal distances from the chapels. The upper part of the church is more decorated: the dome of the central volume is pierced with clerestory windows and topped with a drum adorned with pilasters.

Among the parishioners of the church were famous Russian writers: F. I. Tyutchev and F. M. Dostoevsky. After the revolution, the church was closed, and in the late 1920s, under the pretext of street widening, it was planned to be demolished, after making a complete photographic record and measurements. However, the decision to demolish was never implemented. Instead, the building housed a warehouse and a brewery, then a model car workshop, and later a club for motorcyclists. As a result of these changes, the interior decoration of the church was almost completely lost, but externally it remained virtually unchanged. Since 1993, services have resumed in the church, and during the restoration, the inter-floor ceilings were dismantled, lost interior details and iconostases were recreated.