According to tradition, the first wooden church on this site was built by Prince Yaroslav the Wise, who founded the city on the right bank of the Volga in the early 11th century. Before the construction of the Assumption Cathedral at the Arrow in 1215, the Elijah Church likely served as a cathedral. During the existence of the Yaroslavl principality, until the mid-15th century, the Elijah Church, along with the Resurrection and Peter and Paul Churches, held significant privileges confirmed by grand princes and tsars from Ivan III to Mikhail Fyodorovich. This attests to its antiquity and important role in the life of the city. Over the centuries, the wooden Elijah Church suffered from fires multiple times and was struck by lightning in 1669. A new wooden church was built in its place, and in 1682, a stone church was constructed, to which a chapel in honor of St. Tikhon the Miracle Worker was added in 1694, giving it the name Tikhonovskaya. In 1779, with the approval of a new plan for Yaroslavl, most houses in the Rublen and Zemlyan cities were demolished, and residents were relocated beyond the rampart to settlements included in the city. As a result, the church lost most of its parishioners and gradually fell into disrepair. In the autumn of 1824, the dilapidated church was dismantled, and in June 1825, Archbishop Abraham of Yaroslavl and Rostov laid the foundation for a new two-story stone church. The construction was carried out according to the design of architect P.Y. Pankov with funds from State Councillor Mikhail Alexeyevich Lenivtsev, who valued monuments of national antiquity. During his lifetime, the church was covered and completed in 1831 with funds from St. Petersburg merchant of the 1st guild A.I. Atryganyev. The church is executed in the neoclassical style, with a colonnade along the facades and a high staircase at the western entrance. The pediment above the entrance was adorned with two towers: one served as a bell tower, the other as a sacristy. On the upper floor was the cold church in honor of the Prophet Elijah, consecrated on September 15, 1832, and on the lower floor, the warm church in honor of the icon of the Mother of God of Yaroslavl, consecrated on December 3, 1833. On the northern side was a chapel in honor of St. Tikhon, consecrated on October 16, 1837, and on the southern side, a chapel of Archangel Michael, possibly Boris and Gleb. Some items from the church of Boris and Gleb, abolished in 1828, were transferred here. The exact date of the church's closure is unknown. In 1930, the building was transferred to the Labor Exchange, and in 1931, the church was removed from the list of architectural monuments. The interior was remodeled. In the 1940s, it served as a dormitory for the medical institute, and in the 1950s, a fire destroyed the interior and roof. After restoration, restoration workshops were located in the church. Currently, it houses the storage facilities of the Yaroslavl Art Museum. In 2010, the dome of the church was restored with a cross.