Since 1688, the Fedorovsky Monastery has been visited multiple times by Tsar Peter the Great and his family, bringing generous gifts. During this time, a playful fleet was being built on Lake Pleshcheyevo, on the shores of which Pereslavl-Zalessky is located, marking the beginning of the Russian Navy. In 1692, Natalia Vzimkova, the daughter of a deacon from the Armory Chamber, who was raised alongside Peter the Great, entered the monastery. She became the abbess, and during her tenure, the Introduction Church was built, despite Peter's prohibition on stone constructions outside of St. Petersburg.

In 1710, with the funds from Peter the Great and his sister Natalia Alexeyevna, the Introduction Church was constructed in the monastery with two chapels: in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "The Sign" and in memory of the holy martyrs Adrian and Natalia. The church was erected on the site of an old stone church that had been dismantled due to its dilapidated condition. The church housed unique carved Royal Gates from the 18th century, which are now kept in the Pereslavl Museum. Here were buried Schema-Monk Sergius, Nun Agafiya Fedorovna Yaguzhinskaya, and General Pavel Semyonovich Solovyov.

The church is a single-domed square structure with a refectory and side chapels. The temple has three apses adorned with semi-columns. The square is topped with one dome, while another smaller dome is located above the refectory. The walls of the church are decorated with window frames characteristic of that time, and the skylights on the roof emphasize the century of its construction. In 1808, the roof was covered with iron sheets.

During the Soviet era, the Fedorovsky Monastery, like many others, was closed. It was transformed into an agricultural artel, and by the mid-1920s, it was permanently closed. The last abbess, Olympiada Georgievskaya, was arrested. After her release, she lived in a guardhouse on the monastery grounds, which housed a nursing home.

With the closure of the monastery, the Introduction Church was also closed. Unique frescoes were lost due to humidity, as a bathhouse and laundry were set up in the building. By the time the church building was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1998, it was in a deplorable state: the walls were cracked, the foundation was crumbling, and the roof was leaking. When the Institute of Software Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences was located in the monastery, there were plans to convert the church premises into a club, but they did not succeed. In 1998, the monastery was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church.

On April 19, 1998, on the first day of Easter, the first liturgy after the repairs was held in the Introduction Church. Now, daily services are conducted in the temple. It houses the miraculous Andronikov Icon of the Mother of God, named after the Greek Emperor Andronicus III Palaiologos. It arrived in Russia during the reign of Nicholas I, initially kept in the Winter Palace, then in the Trinity Cathedral of St. Petersburg, where it was highly revered. There are known cases of blind people regaining their sight. After the 1917 revolution, the icon was in the Kazan Women's Monastery in Vyshny Volochyok, and it is now placed in the Introduction Church in a wooden kiot.