Baron Peter Ivanovich Cherkasov, born on September 22 (October 3) 1796 and died on February 12 (24) 1867, served as a colonel in the Russian Imperial Army. He was the brother of the Decembrist Alexei Ivanovich Cherkasov.

Peter Ivanovich was born into the family of a landowner from Belyov, second-major baron Ivan Petrovich Cherkasov and Maria Alexeyevna Cherkasova, née Kozhina. His father owned 219 souls in the Kozlovsky district of Tambov province and another 990 souls in Tula, Oryol, and Moscow provinces.

During the Decembrist uprising, Peter Cherkasov served as a lieutenant and aide-de-camp to General N. M. Borozdin. He was arrested on suspicion of involvement in secret societies but was released on January 10 (22) 1826 by the highest command with a certificate of acquittal.

Cherkasov retired with the rank of colonel and passed away on February 12 (24) 1867.